Acute Renal Artery Embolism in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report. (preprint)

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is identified as the pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). The intravascular thrombotic phenomena related to the COVID-19 are emerging as an important complication that contribute to significant mortality. Case presentationWe present a 62-year-old man with severe COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes. After symptomatic and supportive treatment, the respiratory function was gradually improved. However, the patient suddenly developed abdominal pain, and the enhanced CT scan revealed acute left renal artery embolism. Given the risk of surgery and the duration of the disease, clopidogrel and heparin sodium were included in the subsequent treatment. Later, the abdominal pain and hypercoagulable state disappeared, and the effect was still satisfactory.ConclusionsThis report clarifies the challenges posed by embolism complications in the management of COVID-19 patients. Thrombosis is at a high risk in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia because of hypercoagulable state, blood stasis and endothelial injury. Thrombotic events caused by hypercoagulation status secondary to vascular endothelial injury deserves our attention. Because timely anticoagulation can reduce the risk of early complications, as illustrated in this case report.

Prevention and Control Strategies Based on the Epidemiology of Imported COVID-19 in Mainland China (preprint)

Background: Imported COVID-19 cases are a serious public health problem worldwide. However, limited epidemiologic information of imported cases affects the choice of prevention and control strategies.Methods: In this study, we collected data from 22 January 2020 to 21 April 2020 related to imported COVID-19 cases in Mainland China from the daily public data of the National Health Commission and the provincial health commissions.Findings: A total of 1610 cases of COVID-19 were imported from 49 countries and regions to 27 provincial administrative regions. 79.81% cases were imported from European countries and the United States. Before 29 March, the imported cases were mainly from the United States (27.66%) and United Kingdom (42.55%). After 29 March 2020, the daily newly imported cases from Russia rapidly growed. After 12 April, the number of daily newly imported cases gradually decreased and remained at a low level (12±7 cases per day). Airport entry was encouraged and ground crossing entry was limited with the help of dynamic surveillance of the weekly proportion of confirmed cases at ports. 54.04% imported confirmed cases were in the asymptomatic incubation period on arrival in Mainland China. The compulsory centralized quarantine decreased the risk of onward transmission from imported cases compared to home quarantine ( P <0.05).Interpretation: Prevention and control strategies based on the epidemiological characteristics of imported cases effectively protected Mainland China against reintroduction of the virus and re-initiation of the epidemic when the epidemic was still in a surge worldwide. Such measures included: exit screening, entry screening, and compulsory centralized quarantine of all inbound travelers followed by strict contact tracing. The experiences from Mainland China provide an example of effective measures to reduce transmission of imported COVID-19 cases.Funding Statement: Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, Pudong Health Bureau of Shanghai and Krebsliga Schweiz, BIL KFS. Declaration of Interests: None to be declared.

The Potential Effect of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Receptor of 2019-nCoV in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients on Age (preprint)

BackgroundThe 2019-nCoV epidemic is the public health emergency that has had the greatest impact on the world. Our study aimed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and function of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor of 2019-nCoV on lung adenocarcinoma patients (LUAD), and provide a theoretical basis for early diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy of 2019-nCoV.MethodsThis study focuses on the expression level, functions, mutation rate, and copy number variations (CNVs) of ACE2 in LUAD using an extensive bioinformatics data mining process. The interaction between ACE2 expression and clinical-pathological parameters of patients with LUAD was investigated using UALCAN. Also, the essential biological features, single nucleotide variations (SNVs), CNVs, and pathway activities of genes interacting with ACE2 in these cancers were further analyzed.ResultsWe found that ACE2 expression in LUAD patients increased with age, but it was not related to cancer status, patient’s race, patient’s gender, or patient’s smoking habits. Moreover, our results showed that compared to that in normal tissues, ACE2 was highly expressed in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), rectum adenocarcinoma (READ), and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). However, there is no significant difference in the expression of ACE2 in patients of different ages.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate the importance of ACE2 in LUAD, and provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms and function of ACE2.

The potential effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor of 2019-nCoV on lung adenocarcinoma patients (preprint)

BackgroundThe 2019-nCoV epidemic is the public health emergency that has had the greatest impact on the world. Our study aimed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and function of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor of 2019-nCoV on lung adenocarcinoma patients (LUAD), and provide a theoretical basis for early diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy of 2019-nCoV. MethodsThis study focuses on the expression level, functions, mutation rate, and copy number variations (CNVs) of ACE2 in LUAD using an extensive bioinformatics data mining process. The interaction between ACE2 expression and clinical-pathological parameters of patients with LUAD was investigated using UALCAN. Also, the essential biological features, single nucleotide variations (SNVs), CNVs, and pathway activities of genes interacting with ACE2 in these cancers were further analyzed. ResultsWe found that ACE2 expression in LUAD patients increased with age, but it was not related to cancer status, patient’s race, patient’s gender, or patient’s smoking habits. Moreover, our results showed that compared to that in normal tissues, ACE2 was highly expressed in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), rectum adenocarcinoma (READ), and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). However, there is no significant difference in the expression of ACE2 in patients of different ages. ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate the importance of ACE2 in LUAD, and provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms and function of ACE2.